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Clinical Research
An Evidence Based Product
Scientific evidence from independent and university-based research centers shows that the Waterpik™ water flosser is an easy and more effective alternative compared to string floss and interdental flossers.
To see all research abstracts, view or download our Clinical Research Summary (PDF)
Research Category
Product Type
WaterpikTM SensonicTM Electric Toothbrush: Up to 4x as Effective as Manual Toothbrushing at Reducing Plaque in Hard-to-Reach Areas
Lyle, DM, Qaqish JH, Goyal CR, Schuller R. 2023; *Data on file.
WaterpikTM Sonic-FusionTM: Up to 2X as Effective as Regular Brushing & Flossing for Improving Gingival Health
Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Goyal CR, Schuller R. IADR/AADR/CADR General Session & Exhibition. Presented at IADR Virtual Oral Session, July 24, 2021. Submitted for publication.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Using the Water Flosser to Deliver a Dilute of CHX Improves Periodontal Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Levels better than rinsing with CHX
Jain R, Chaturvedi R, Pandit N, Grover V, Lyle DM, Jain A. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24(4):348-353. Study conducted at Institute of Dental Services, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significantly More Effective at Reducing the Severity of Mucositis
Bunk D, Eisenburger M, Hackl S, Eberhard J, Stiesch M, Grischke J. Clin Oral Implant Res 2020; 00:1-13. doi:10.1111/clr.13638. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/clr.13638?af=R. Study conducted at the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Removes > 90% Of Biofilm On Titanium Implant Surface Disc; Better Than CHX, Titanium Brushes And Nylon Brushes
Kotsakis G, Black R, Kum J et al. J Periodotol 2020; 1-12. DOI: 10.1002/JPER.20-0186. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.20-0186. Conducted at University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
The WaterpikTM Water Flosser Significantly Improves Oral Health Benefits Over a High-End Oscillating Electric Toothbrush
Lyle, DM, Goyal CR, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. Compend Contin Ed Dent 2020; 41(3):170-177. Epub Jan 1, 2020
The WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significantly More Effective than Interdental Brush for Improving Gingival Health
Slot DE, Lyle DM, Van der Sluijs E, Hennequin-Hoenderdos N, Van der Weijden F. J Dent Res 2018; 97(Special Iss. B): Abstract #0622 (www.iadr.org). Conducted at Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Netherlands.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Safe and Effective up to 100 psi
Goyal CR, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. Evaluation of the safety of a water flosser on gingival and epithelial tissue at different pressure settings. Compend Contin Ed Dent 2018; 39(Suppl. 2):8-13.
The WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Adding a WaterpikTM Water Flosser to a Manual Toothbrush is up to 3.1 Times as Effective as Brushing Alone
Goyal, CR, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. Evaluation of the Addition of a Water Flosser to Manual Brushing on Gingival Health. J Clin Dent 2018; 29(4):81-86. Study conducted at All Sum Research Center LTD, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
WaterpikTM Sonic-FusionTM: Significantly More Effective than Sonicare® DiamondClean for Removing Plaque and Improving Gingival Health
Goyal CR, Qaqish, JG, Schuller R, Lyle D. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2018;39(suppl 2):14-22.
WaterpikTM Sonic-FusionTM: Twice as Effective as Regular Brushing & Flossing for Removing Plaque and Improving Gingival Health
Qaqish JG, Goyal CR, Schuller R, Lyle DM. Comparison of a novel sonic toothbrush to a traditional sonic toothbrush and manual brushing and flossing on plaque, gingival bleeding and inflammation: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2018;39(suppl 2):14-22.
WaterpikTM Complete Care Triple Sonic Toothbrush: 9 Times As Much Stain Removal As A Regular Toothbrush
Milleman JL, Milleman KR, Battershell K, Schuller R, Lyle DM. Study conducted at Salus Research, Fort Wayne, IN. 2016.
The WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significantly More Effective than Interdental Brushes for Improving Gingival Health
Goyal CR, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. J Clin Dent 2016; 27: 61-65.
The WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significantly More Effective than Interdental Brushes for Removing Plaque
Lyle DM, Goyal CR, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. J Clin Dent 2016; 27(1): 23-26.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Unequivocally Proven Safe in Clinical Studies Over 5 Decades
Jolkovsky DL et al. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry 2015; 36(2):2-5.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: An Effective Alternative to Subgingival Antibiotic Treatment for Periodontal Maintenance Patients
Genovesi AM, Lorenzi C, Lyle DM et al. Minerva Stomatol 2013; 62(Suppl. 1 to NO. 12):1-9. Study conducted at the Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Department of Dentistry, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: More Than 2 Times as Effective as String Floss for Implant Patients
Magnuson B, Harsono M, Stark PC, et al. Compend of Contin Ed in Dent 2013; 34(Special Issue 8):2-7. Study conducted at Tufts University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
WaterpikTM Whitening Water Flosser: Improved Stain Removal Over Tooth Brushing Alone
Milliman JL, Milleman KR, Battershell K, Lyle DM. Study conducted at Salus Research, Fort Wayne, IN. 2014
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significantly More Effective than String Floss for Removing Plaque
Goyal CR, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. J Clin Dent 2013;24(2):37-42. Study conducted at BioSci Research Canada, Ltd., 3
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Twice as Effective as String Floss for Reducing Gingival Bleeding
Rosema NAM et al. The effect of different interdental cleaning devices on gingival bleeding. J Int Acad Periodontol 2011; 13(1):2-10.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser Removes 99.9% of Plaque Biofilm After 3-Second Treatment
Gorur A, Lyle DM, Schaudinn C, Costerton JW. Compend Contin Ed Dent 2009; 30 (Suppl 1):1 - 6.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: 3 Times as Effective as String Floss for Orthodontic Patients
Sharma NC, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, et al. Am J Ortho Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133(4):565-571. Study conducted at BioSci Research Canada, Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Over 50% More Effective than String Floss for Reducing Gingivitis
Barnes CM, et al. J Clin Dent, 2005; 16(3): 71-77. Study conducted at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska.
WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Significant Reduction in Plaque Biofilm, Gingivitis, and Bleeding for Patients with Diabetes
Al-Mubarak S, Ciancio S, Aljada A, et al. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29:295-300. Study conducted at the University of Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine.
Delivering CHX with the WaterpikTM Pik PocketTM Tip is More Effective than Rinsing with CHX for Implant Maintenance
Felo A, Shibly O, Ciancio S, Lauciello F, Ho A. Am J Dent 1997; 10:107-110